An encoder is an electromechanical device used to convert mechanical motion—such as rotation or linear movement—into an electrical signal that can be read by a control system. Encoders are essential components in automation, robotics, CNC machines, and servo systems, providing precise position, speed, and direction feedback. There are two main types: incremental encoders, which generate signals corresponding to motion changes and are used for relative position tracking; and absolute encoders, which provide a unique digital code for each shaft position, enabling accurate position detection even after power loss. By translating mechanical motion into digital data, encoders ensure precise motion control, synchronization, and efficiency in modern industrial and robotic applications.
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